3. Arouse the curiosity of the audience(引起听众的好奇心)

　　结尾往往可以起到“画龙点睛”的作用，开篇正文再好，如果结尾过于平淡，整个演讲的精彩程度都会大打折扣。那么如何做到“结尾有道”呢?首先，我们来看看乔布斯的这篇演讲稿，他的结尾比开篇更加出彩，采用的是“end with a quotation”，达到的效果是特别引人深思。他在结尾说道，“Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitch hiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”他不仅在结尾引用这句“Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”(求知若渴，虚怀若谷)，而且重复三遍，强化听众的印象，这句话也被广泛传播，被誉为该篇演讲的“精髓”。

　　在结尾时，可以用结束信号词让听众明白你要准备结尾了，不要让演讲结束得太突兀，比如，“In conclusion", "Let me end my speech by saying...", "I'd like to close my speech this way."等。具体的结尾方式很多，常见的有：1. Summarize your speech(总结演讲)。2. Make a dramatic statement(强有力的陈述)，这个不同于引用他人之言，往往是演讲者自己的沉淀和呐喊，非常经典的演讲是Patrick Henry's legendary "Liberty or Death" oration. 他在结尾时说道，"Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for mw, give me liberty, or give me death." 3. refer to the introduction(首尾呼应)。这是体现演讲内在统一的很经典的形式，值得借鉴。

　　三、观点阐释，有效支撑

　　毫无疑问，主体段的信息量最大，写作量也是最大，如何更清晰地阐释演讲者的观点，有效支撑分论点，是写作时应该把握的关键。在明晰了写作逻辑之后，就要围绕这些逻辑要点来展开论证。乔布斯在斯坦福大学的毕业演讲中，逻辑要点有三：1. The first story is about connecting the dots. 2. My second story is about love and loss. 3. My third story is about death. 他在阐释中主要运用了以下手段。首先，举例子。文中用了大量的例子来说明他怎么对待学习、工作和死亡，比如他说起自己决定辍学然后旁听有意思的课程，这些课当时对他没什么实质的帮助，但是十年后在当他设计第一款Macintosh 电脑的时候，这些东西全派上了用场，这个例子充分说明了他要讲的第一个要点-- 串起生命中的点滴。在随后的文中，乔布斯大量地讲述了他事业生活中的例子，让听众感受到真实的力量和鼓舞。其次，引用。他除了在文章最后用到了引用，文中也不乏引用的痕迹，比如在讲到死亡时，他引用了一句格言，“If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right.”这句话能表明他对于死亡的态度。恰到好处的引用往往能使听众印象深刻。第三，数据。在讲第二个故事--关于爱和失去时，乔布斯用到了一系列数据来支撑观点。他说自己是幸运的，因为，“Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30.”数据很直观，能让听众有直接的认识和理解。

　　4. Question the audience(向观众提问)。

　　5. Begin with a quotation(以引用开篇)。6. Tell a story (以故事开篇)。这些基本开篇的方式被无数的演讲证明是实用而且有效的。